[186], According to Pew, roughly 99% of Egyptian Muslims regarded themselves as Sunni Muslims. Zaidi are sometimes called "Fiver Shia" instead of Twelver Shia because they recognize the first four of the Twelve Imams but accept Zayd ibn Ali as their "Fifth Imm" rather than his brother Muhammad al-Baqir. This dispute spread across various parts of the Muslim world, which eventually led to the Battle of the Camel and Battle of Siffin. However, in a video message, Al-Qaeda deputy Dr Ayman al-Zawahiri directed Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, not to attack civilian targets but to focus on the occupation troops. Sunnis are the more dominant form of Islam - at least 80 per cent of Muslims . Geographically, the Sunni/Shia picture differs across the Middle East and the rest of the world (see graphic, above). Iran is unique in the Muslim world because its population is overwhelmingly more Shia than Sunni (Shia constitute 95% of the population) and because its constitution is theocratic republic based on rule by a Shia jurist. Saudi Clerics and Shia Islam, by Raihan Ismail, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:39. According to scholar Vali Nasr, Saudi textbooks "characterize Shiism as a form of heresy worse than Christianity and Judaism. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunniscanavenger portable wireless bluetooth barcode scanner jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni Sunnis focus on following the Prophet's example whereas Shi'a focus on the lineage of Muhammad's family through a series of Imams. [203] According to the CIA World Factbook, Al Wefaq the largest Shia political society, won the largest number of seats in the elected chamber of the legislature. According to Roy, "two events created a sea change in the balance of power between Shia and Sunnis: the Islamic revolution in Iran and the American military intervention in Iraq" in 2003. In addition to the account of Nasir Khusraw who visited Jerusalem in the year 1045 AD and reported: "The population of Jerusalem is about 20,000, the populace being mostly Shi'a Muslims". Around 10% of Afghanistan, less than 5% of the Muslims in Nigeria, and around 5% of population of Tajikistan are Shia. Hijab model who shares the latest in Muslim women's fashion with 550,000 followers on Instagram. Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq. During the 20th century, an Islamic uprising in Syria occurred with sectarian religious overtones between the Alawite-dominated Assad government and the Islamist Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, culminating with the 1982 Hama massacre. [225], Islam is the dominant religion in Indonesia, which also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9million identified as Muslim (88.2% of the total population) as of 2009. [118] The governing regimes of Iraq were composed mainly of Sunnis for nearly a century until the 2003 Iraq War. Britain has an estimated Muslim population of about 2.8 million. The Umayyads were overthrown in 750 by a new dynasty, the Abbasids. [211], Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization that followed was resisted by Shia who saw it as "Sunnification" as the laws and regulations were based on Sunni fiqh. [145], There has been a low level resistance in mainly Sunni Iranian Balouchistan against the regime for several years. Shias in Kashmir in subsequent years had to pass through the most atrocious period of their history. They can be found in more than 40 countries across the Middle East, Africa, and. Faro particip en la Semana de la Innovacin 24 julio, 2019. Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. "[35] Twelvers believe the Mahdi will be Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam returned from the Occultation, where he has been hidden by Allah since 874. It proved to the satisfaction of the Brotherhood that sectarian loyalty trumped Islamist solidarity for Khomeini and eliminated whatever appeal Khomeini might have had to the MB movement as a pan-Islamic leader. [173] In December 2006, amidst escalating tensions in Iraq, 38 high ranking Saudi clerics called on Sunni Muslims around the world to "mobilise against Shiites".[174]. Although reformist President Mohammad Khatami promised during his election campaign to build a Sunni mosque in Tehran, none was built during his eight years in office. SunniShia clashes also occurred occasionally in the 20th century in India. colleen bready married In the late 1920s, the Ikhwan (Ibn Saud's fighting force of converted Wahhabi Bedouin Muslims) were particularly hostile to the Shia and demanded that Abd al Aziz forcibly convert them. How much of the conflict was sparked by Sunni versus Shia divisions and how much by Islamism versus secular-Arab-nationalism, is in question, but according to scholar Vali Nasr the failure of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran to support the Muslim Brotherhood against the Baathists "earned [Khomeini] the Brotherhood's lasting contempt." They are literate. Also potentially, there are as many Shias in India as there are in Iraq.[31][32][33]. In 2003, when Saddam was overthrown, Iraqi Shia celebrated. In recent years, SunniShia relations have been increasingly marked by conflict,[15] particularly the IranSaudi Arabia proxy conflict. There are over 2.5 million Muslims in the UK and the mosque has a central role in Islam. [24][25] About 10% of Turkey's population belong to the Alevi sect. [36], Shiism and Sufism are said to share a number of hallmarks: Belief in an inner meaning to the Quran, special status for some mortals (saints for Sufi, Imams for Shias), as well as veneration of Ali and Muhammad's family.[37]. Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali al-Zaidi. Ab anfa, for example, was imprisoned by al-Mansur and tortured. [252] In June 2014, the New York Times wrote that as ISIS has "seized vast territories" in western and northern Iraq, there have been "frequent accounts of fighters capturing groups of people and releasing the Sunnis while the Shiites are singled out for execution". His call seems to have been ignored, or swept away in the increasing tensions of Iraq under occupation. [103] But doing so in Saudi meant a more anti-Shia policies because Saudi's own native Sunni school of Islam is Wahhabism, which includes the prohibition of Shia Islam itself, as strict Wahhabis do not consider Shia to be Islamic. After the Iranian Revolution and the fall of Pahlavi dynasty, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini endeavored to bridge the gap between Shiites and Sunnis by declaring it permissible for Twelvers to pray behind Sunni imams and by forbidding criticizing the Caliphs who preceded Alian issue that had caused much animosity between the two groups. Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). "[215] From January to May 1997, Sunni terror groups assassinated 75 Shia community leaders "in a systematic attempt to remove Shias from positions of authority. Although the founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, supported good SunniShia relations, there have been complaints by Sunni of discrimination, particularly in important government positions. [142], Soon after the 1979 revolution, Sunni leaders from Kurdistan, Balouchistan, and Khorassan, set up a new party known as Shams, which is short for Shora-ye Markaz-e al Sunaat, to unite Sunnis and lobby for their rights. Not too long after they began getting to know each other. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. Trivia Saddam's invasion of Iran in 1980 was billed as an Arab war against Persians - and was bankrolled by the Arab and Sunni Gulf states. Nizaris used this fortress until the Mongols finally seized and destroyed it in 1256. The anti-Shia Afghan Taliban regime helped anti-Shia Pakistani groups and vice versa. Let me know what you thought of each topic in the comments below! Both the Sunni al-Qaeda and "Islamic State" consider Shia Muslims to be heretics. [241], In Europe Shia-Sunni acrimony is part of life for tens of millions of European Muslims. Shia in India faced persecution by some Sunni rulers and Mughal Emperors which resulted in the killings of Shia scholars like Qazi Nurullah Shustari[77] (also known as Shaheed-e-Thaalis, the third Martyr) and Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi[78] (also known as Shaheed-e- Rabay, the fourth Martyr) who are two of the five martyrs of Shia Islam. [99] Dr. Christopher Davidson argues that the current crisis in Yemen is being egged on by the US, and could be part of a wider covert strategy to spur fragmentation in Iran allies and allow Israel to be surrounded by weak states. Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Shia Imam, died during al-Mansur's reign, and there were claims that he was murdered on the orders of the caliph. I answered some of your most commonly asked questions while getting ready! In many parts of the world, Sunni and Shia Muslims are locked in bloody conflicts. Some see a precursor of Pakistani ShiaSunni strife in the April 1979 execution of deposed President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on questionable charges by Islamic fundamentalist General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. More important in the long run than these sects were the Sufi orders which spread in Persia at this time and aided in the preparing the ground for the Shiite movement of Safavids. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. This spreading influence has caused concern to the Sunni rulers of Arab countries with Shia minorities, such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. [137] One Shia Grand Ayatollah, Yousef Saanei, who has been described as a moderate, reacted to the 2005 suicide bombings of Shia targets in Iraq by saying the bombers were "wolves without pity" and that "sooner rather than later, Iran will have to put them down".[138]. This research paper has tried to focus on origin and development of Sunni-Shia division in Islam and also on its political, socio-economic implications and contemporary relations. The division between Sunnis and Shi'as is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. [104][105][106] Thus, although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, and "the leadership position that went with it",[107] his revolution worked against it. [222], Assisting the Taliban in the murder of Iranian diplomatic and intelligence officials at the Iranian Consulate in Mazar were "several Pakistani militants of the anti-Shia, Sipah-e-Sahaba party. Sunni-Shia Harmony. This website uses cookies. The attack lasted for eight hours, after which the Wahhabis left the city with more than 4,000 camels carrying their plunder. Jasmine & Dawoud 531K subscribers Hi everyone! [139], information indicates Sunnis, along with other religious minorities, are denied by law or practice access to such government positions as cabinet minister, ambassador, provincial governor, mayor and the like, Sunni schools and mosques have been destroyed, and Sunni leaders have been imprisoned, executed and assassinated. Until the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, the Shia never governed a modern Arab state. According to Morteza Motahhari:[59]. These differences stem from the extreme claims on both sides. Shi'ism did not penetrate any land to the extent that it gradually could in Iran. [240] One analyst told CNN that the US strategy on putting pressure on Iran by arming its Sunni neighbors is not a new strategy for the United States. Wherever you go, we will catch you. Some Shia have complained of mistreatment in countries dominated by Sunnis, especially in Saudi Arabia,[81] while some Sunnis have complained of discrimination in the Twelver-dominated states of Iraq and Iran. [234] The Shia community has also been subject to hate campaigns and intimidation, with fears of this escalating into violence. [18], An example of SunniShia cooperation was the Khilafat Movement which swept South Asia following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the seat of the Caliphate, in World War I. Shia scholars "came to the caliphate's defence" by attending the 1931 Caliphate Conference in Jerusalem, although they were theologically opposed to the idea that non-imams could be caliphs or successors to Muhammad, and that the caliphate was "the flagship institution" of Sunni, not Shia, authority. [30] It is the largest Shia country, with a population of about 83 million. [124] Sunni insurgent organizations include Ansar al-Islam. On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. [125] Radical groups include Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, Jeish Muhammad, and Black Banner Organization.[126]. [116] They included Shia leader Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister. BeYOUtiful written by Shelina Janmohamed: Book Review. Not even a single terrorist group is run by them, excluding the one Run b. Saudi officials had no comment about Ahmadinejad's statements, but the Saudi official government news agency did say: The two leaders affirmed that the greatest danger presently threatening the Islamic nation is the attempt to fuel the fire of strife between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and that efforts must concentrate on countering these attempts and closing ranks.[258]. Nevertheless, apart from this domination there existed, firstly, throughout these nine centuries, Shia inclinations among many Sunnis of this land and, secondly, Twelver and Zaidi Shiism had prevalence in some parts of Iran. 554. [214] As in Iraq they "targeted Shia in their holy places and mosques, especially during times of communal prayer. Always drinking my coffee cold and using social media to have a little escape for a few minutes before the little darlings find me! 923.4K Followers. The declaration of faith to which all Muslims assent is this: There is no God but Allah, whose prophet is Muhammad. fajr on its own Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha'), thus praying five times a day but with a very small break in between the prayer, instead of five prayers with some gap between them as required by Sunni schools of law. [108] [120] Sunni suicide bombers have targeted not only thousands of civilians,[121] but mosques, shrines,[122] wedding and funeral processions,[123] markets, hospitals, offices, and streets. On the other hand, members of the Saudis' own Shia minority have complained of being treated as potential fifth columnists for Iran. Forever grateful for all of Allahs blessings. Your email address will not be published. But the similarity is superficial. [217], An example of an early ShiaSunni fitna shootout occurred in Kurram, one of the tribal agencies of the Northwest Pakistan, where the Pushtun population was split between Sunnis and Shia. This new strictness was spread not only among Saudis in the kingdom but thousands of students and Saudi funded schools and international Islamist volunteers who came to training camps in Peshawar Pakistan in the 1980s to learn to fight jihad in Afghanistan and went home in the 1990s to fight jihad. [225] According to Wikileaks, "Saudi cables" released in 2015 "reveal concern" about "Iran-driven Shiite expansion from Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso and Nigeria" to Shia Islam has taken place in Nigeria since the Iranian Revolution. Had Shi`ism not been deeply rooted in the Iranian spirit, the Safawids (9071145/15011732) would not have succeeded in converting Iranians to the Shi'i creed Ahl al-Bayt sheerly by capturing political power. Privacy Policy Agreement * I agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy. In the 1980s, Ibrahim El-Zakzakya Nigerian admirer of the Iranian Revolution who lived in Iran for some years and converted to Shia Islamestablished the Islamic Movement of Nigeria. [95] The Iranian Islamic revolution changed the ShiaSunni power equation in Muslim countries "from Lebanon to India" arousing the traditionally subservient Shia to the alarm of traditionally dominant and very non-revolutionary Sunni. "[223], In Nigeriathe most populous country in Africauntil recently almost all Muslims were Sunni. [108], Olivier Roy, research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, sees the "Shia awakening and its instrumentalisation by Iran" as leading to a "very violent Sunni reaction", starting first in Pakistan before spreading to "the rest of the Muslim world, without necessarily being as violent." The word Shia in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. They had a photoshoot with close family and hosted a lunch to celebrate. In 2005 the new King Abdullah also relaxed some restrictions on the Shia. But the estimates are that they are about 5 to 10 percent of the Muslim world, which puts them somewhere between 50 and 70 million people.. Iran has been a Shia country since the 16th century. The report notes that while some of the information received may be difficult to corroborate there is a clear impression that the right of freedom of religion is not being respected with regard to the Sunni minority. Jasmine & Dawoud @JasmineFares 591K subscribers Subscribe Home Videos Shorts Playlists Community Channels About I FINALLY pranked my wife! They were in control in Persian Iran, but the Sunnis led most Arab states in the Middle East. [255], Shia militias fighting ISIS have also been accused of atrocities. [153] Polemics critical of Sunnis were reportedly being produced in Arabic for dissemination in the Arab Muslim world by Hojjatieh-aligned elements in the Iranian regime. [89], The year of the Iranian Islamic Revolution was "one of great ecumenical discourse",[90] and shared enthusiasm by both Shia and Sunni Islamists. Where do you live? [39][40][41][42][43], Twelver Shia as the main branch of Shia Islam[44][45] permit Nikah mutah[46][47]fixed-term temporary marriagewhich is not acceptable within the Sunni community, the Ismaili Shia or the Zaidi Shia and is believed a planned and agreed fornication. History records 10 such Taarajs also known as Taraj-e-Shia between the 15th and 19th centuries in 1548, 1585, 1635, 1686, 1719, 1741, 1762, 1801, 1830, 1872 during which the Shia habitations were plundered, people slaughtered, libraries burnt and their sacred sites desecrated.[76]. The Majority of Saudi Shia belong to the sect of the Twelvers. They began attending weddings while planning theirs and quickly realised how people are never satisfied. Shia and Sunni believe that Islam began in 610 CE when Muhammad, the last prophet, began receiving messages from God. [38] Umar, Uthman, Abu Bakr, Aisha, Muawiya, being the names of figures recognized by Sunnis but not Shias, are commonly used as names for Sunnis but are very rare, if not virtually absent, for Shias.[50]. Balochi Sunni Abdolmalek Rigi continue to declare the Shia as Kafir and Mushrik. In February 1980 disturbances were "less spontaneous" and even bloodier. In time, these immigrants adopted the Arabic language and Arab identity, but their origin has been used to "unfairly cast them as lackeys of Iran". [182] The bombings are thought to be in retaliation[183] for a large car bomb which detonated on 15 August 2013 and killed at least 24 and wounded hundreds in a part of Beirut controlled by the Hezbollah[184], Although the country of Jordan is 95% Sunni and has not seen any ShiaSunni fighting within, it has played a part in the recent Shia-Sunni strife. Neighboring Iran is home to the world's largest Shia population: Between 90% and 95% of Iranian Muslims (66-70 million people) were Shias in 2009, according to our estimate from that year. ShiaSunni conflict in Yemen involves the Shia insurgency in northern Yemen.[17]. Jasmine and Dawoud didnt set their goal on a fancy wedding but instead, used that money to buy a house. Third, through the school of Hillah under the leadership of Al-Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. A post shared by J A S M I N E F A R E S (@jasminefares). One of these was Muhammad Ibn Makki, called Shahid-i Awwal (the First Martyr), one of the great figures in Shia jurisprudence, who was killed in Damascus in 1384. The president explained the situation by saying Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei would not agree to the proposal. Washington, DC: National Geographic 2008, "Hijab, The Muslim Womens Dress, Islamic or Cultural? As well as this they found that it was not worth spending on other people. The commonly-known term is shortened from the historical Shia't-Ali , or "the Party of Ali." This group is also known as Shiites or followers of Ahl al-Bayt or "People of the Household" (of the Prophet). "[204] Bahrain has many disaffected unemployed youths and many have protested Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's efforts to create a parliament as merely a "cooptation of the effendis", i.e. 68K Likes, 312 Comments. Twelvers believe that Mutah was permitted until Umar forbade it during his rule. [147] These Sunni groups have been involved in violent activities in Iran and have waged terrorist[148] attacks against civilian centers, including an attack next to a girls' school[149] according to government sources. According to one estimate, of the approximately 1,200 foreign fighters captured in Syria between summer 2003 and summer 2005, 85% were Saudis. [225] Many of the converted are poor Muslims. hernie inguinale traitement kin; jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. When the Ismailis divided into two sects, Nizaris established their base in northern Persia. [146], Members of Sunni groups in Iran however have been active in what the authorities describe as terrorist activities. Within the Sunni and Shia branches, you can also find a number of sects. After the Mongols and the fall of the Abbasids, the Sunni Ulama suffered greatly. )._Washington,_DC:_National_Geographic2008 (. For the first time, the Shia could openly convert other Muslims to their movement. [225] Its network is similar to that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, with a focus on Iran, its Supreme Leader, and fighting America as the enemy of Islam. [96] "Where Iranian revolutionaries saw Islamic revolutionary stirrings, Sunnis saw mostly Shia mischief and a threat to Sunni predominance. Your email address will not be published. A psychology graduate in my former life now enjoying being a stay-at-home mum. [138], Another reflection of grassroots Wahhabi or Saudi antipathy to Shia was a statement by Saudi cleric Nasir al-Umar, who accused Iraqi Shias of close ties to the United States and argued that both were enemies of Muslims everywhere.[176]. Shia communities are also found in Yemen where a large minority of the population are Shia (mostly of the Zaidi sect), according to the UNHCR.

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