You also create a document with the title of your IA prompt, images of the three objects, and you will also provide a commentary on each object that identifies each object and its specific real-world context. the truth as unconcealment i.e what we have determined a thing or being to be in the first place. What some thing is determined to be in its representation is determined as what it is. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects cscl star vessel flag autism and narcissism differences . This know how, presumably, comes from a long, broad engagement with the field which is under discussion. With regard to the production of knowledge, Shakespeares The art is nature perhaps captures it best; it is what we as human beings are. It can mean to learn, find out, hear of, but also to receive, undergo, something. Exhibition. What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. These conditions and contexts determine the actions that we will take regarding decisions which we have to make within the everyday experiences of our lives. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. There must be a corresponding relation or reality of the book, the table and the books place on the table. Various communities of knowers establish world-pictures in which only those in the know are able to participate. For example, if we want our automobiles to perform at optimum efficiency, we are obliged, we owe it to the automobiles to maintain them properly. This system is called the technological in other areas of this writing. As you know, you need to choose one of the 35 IA prompts to base your exhibition on. In TOK we are asked to put questions to what we think we know and how we think we know. The "brand new" TOK exhibition is worth 33% of the grades. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? You used can in your questi. Once again remember that technology is the theory not merely the instruments that technology has produced i.e. To whom or to what are we obliged to them and why? Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. You are required to choose one prompt from the list below, and it must be exactly from this list and you cannot change the wording. This word has only recently come to prominence (19th century) and yet even the Pope himself uses this word when speaking of how Roman Catholics should be in the world. This will be discussed in relation to calculation and calculus a little later. Answer: Updating beliefs with new knowledge should be heavily influenced by motivation and epistemological values. A current example could be the claims made by Alan Dershowitz, a prominent professor of law from Harvard University, in the impeachment trial of Donald J. Trump. The tools are antecedent to our viewing of the world as technological and they can only produce or allow us to acquire what is called knowledge in a pre-determined manner, a manner which produced the tools themselves in the first place. (See response to Prompt #21) Religion is what we bow down to or what we look up to and self-knowledge will reveal the idols that one may look up to or bow down to. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is yes, so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered knowledge prior to it. This is what you are doing with the images and objects of your Exhibition. For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. You might begin by examining how the word values is itself an example of the great change that occurred during that period we call the Renaissance when human beings became the centre of the things that are, with the consequence that we have the rise of the age of humanism. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be. If we read the prompt in the light of such expressions as being in the picture, putting oneself in the picture, getting the picture which imply a complete mastery of what the picture is a picture of we see that world-picture essentially means not a picture of the world, but the world conceived as picture from within a framing. Aleksandra Sachajko Confederate battle flag Since 1861 the Confederate flag has been a symbol of the American white supremacy, which is a belief that the white race is pure and superior to other races. Subjectivity, according to Kant, is the lawfulness of reasons which provide the possibility of an object. To experiment is where we intervene in something to see what happens: if we do such and such, only now we do so in anticipation of regularity, e.g. But notice that the objects being spoken about must have already presented themselves to us in some fashion in order for our statements to be made about them i.e. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. Can New Knowledge Change Establish Values or Beliefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Although dialectic is now considered a complex philosophical term, in its original sense it could mean nothing more than a discussion among friends at Starbucks over coffee. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. Historicism dominates all presentations of what has come to be called knowledge in the 21st century. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. It also means to put something in its place, or putting something in order for something else such as gathering together the things that are required of a recipe so that we may later prepare it, the step-by-step process involved in preparing to bring about a desirable end. It is the act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. Wikipedia. This is the process that you are attempting in your Exhibition, and your report to the IB on your Exhibition will demonstrate this. Required fields are marked *. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. For the interpretation of a result as a result is conducted with the help of the principle {the principle of reason}, presupposed, but not grounded. For example, the virtue of a thoroughbred racehorse is to run fast; it is not good if it does not or cannot do so. It reveals when it is true; it does not reveal when it is false. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. His speech is sophistry. The word will here is like how we use it in free will, in that it means "a causation leading to a desired effect/result". can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. 33. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. From Platos dialectic or that conversation that is conducted among friends, we have inductive and deductive logic, from diaeresisanddianoia,the separation and the bringing together. Without such reckoning up (algorithms, for example) our computers and hand phones would be quite useless because they could not have come into existence. We doubt a claim when we are lacking certainty and reliability regarding those who are making the claim, the sources of the claim, or when the things about which the claim is being made are not sufficiently justified, that is sufficient reasons have not been supplied for the claim. New knowledge can have a significant impact since it could modify the values of society as a whole, hence it may change the ethics that govern us. Knowledge as it is defined in the Oxford Dictionary involves facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. Due to these people's different viewpoints of how they view an article, new knowledge can sometimes change established values or beliefs, but not always. See the link: What is a work of Art? What do these choices indicate? Our falling away into subjective truth is not a fault of human beings: that the gods offered themselves more fully to the Greeks than to us is not our fault. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being, how we have defined and classified them. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment. Technologys essence is that it is the theory that determines the practice. The principle of reason is what is in operation when we say I get it! in English, for it is the manner in which we take something on, deal with it, perceive it. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? To what extent is certainty attainable? Understanding what the purpose of a great work of art is remains for us a mystery since they appear to be purpose itself. This origin usually deals with the question of motion or movement so the question is raised From where, originally, did the change or motion come from? An explanation is a scientific account of a thing, and by this we mean that sufficient reasons have been given for its being the way it is. Since discussions about art begin with questions of what the works are as objects, they are interpretations of the what, the how and why of the work that is present before us. Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. Reasons must be rendered to human beings who determine objects as objects by way of a representation that judges. It is what guarantees that something is firmly established, secured in its grounds of its place as an object for human cognition. This is what Kant called his transcendental method. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. 11. Bookmark. 32. r/IBO. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. it is public. Useful to/for whom? Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. How this conflict will be resolved is a matter for the future, but one cannot be optimistic regarding what the outcomes might be. Until they become a thing, they are not knowable. How does this statement relate to why human beings seek knowledge? To count comes from the Latin reor and it is directly related to the Latin word ratio. The various types of knowledge that were understood by the Greeks and which are outlined in the linkCT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower indicate that interpretation is linked to doubt and skepticism in our modern understanding of what knowledge is. 4. I have written extensively on this topic of personal knowledge on this blog site and recommend that you view the following links to find possible approaches in narrowing your focus on this broad topic: CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; CT 1: Self-Knowledge and Ethics. Only the completeness of the account, perfection, provides the evidence for the fact that every cognition everywhere and at all times can include and count on the objects and reckon with them. The Natural Sciences: Historical Background; View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. This object is included in this exhibition because it shows how credible an article can become based on an individual's beliefs or values. Sickness in the soul is determined to be an insurrection that results when the mode of comportment of the soul comes into conflict with another mode of comportment; we might call this a conflict of conscience. OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. What we call culture is derived from world-view. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. The exhibition, understood as both a noun and a verb, aims to assess how you can apply TOK concepts to the real world by requiring that you bring to presence, bring out of hiding and to hold out, ex-hibit, evidence of your ability to discourse on the subject matter that you have been studying and questioning in the course. View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. What is essential is not mere ignorance, mere unfamiliarity, but a presumption of knowledge. The axioms, principles, rules, laws, etc. Our modern scientific knowledge in the form of quantum physics demonstrates that what has been traditionally understood as certainty regarding knowledge of nature and inquiries into nature is not possible. If the inquiry of your Exhibition wishes to remain a first order inquiry, the age-old advice of follow the money is a good one whether it be about climate change deniers, the lack of ethics in the activities of the world banking system, etc. Infatuation is a common example, not simply for another human being but for the outward appearances of things. A good-looking and whimsical maid from Thrace laughed at him and told him that while he might passionately want to know all things in the universe, the things in front of his very nose and feet were unseen by him. Plato adds, This jest also fits all those who become involved in philosophy. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? when so much then so much. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. The roles of the media in its various forms is something that will need to be addressed. Dialectic is discussion conducted in friendship, among two or three, whereas the logosof the disseminator of knowledge is directed towards the multitude, the many. This prompt is one that many students will opt for as it will not be too difficult to define the types of knowledge and their use through objects or images. Ethics study what people should do and speaks about ideal behaviour. New knowledge can't override the old. It is extremely difficult to question the ethics of those possibilities and potentialities because the language from which we could question them arose within the same crucible of seeing or theory that made them possible in the first place i.e. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. Logos is a reckoning that orients ourselves to some other thing i.e. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/Introduction-to-Theory-of-Knowledge-An-Alternative-Approach-er4qvq, https://anchor.fm/john-rick-butler/episodes/CT-1-Basic-Concepts-equfll, CT 1: Knowledge and the Knower: Historical Background, CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts, The Assault on Truth: Real Life Situations (RLS)Observations, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Introduction, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Dewey and Education, OT 4: Knowledge and Religion: Christianity: Thoughts on the Lords Prayer, The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge, The Natural Sciences: Historical Background, Notes on Ancient Greek Philosophy and Modern Science, Darwin and Nietzsche: Part II: The Essence of Truth as Representation, Darwin and Nietzsche Part IV: Metaphysics as Logic: The Grounds of the Principle of Reason. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. The Natural Sciences: Historical Background. This quote from one of quantum physics founders, Werner Heisenberg, assures us of this: We [physicists] have resigned ourselves to the situation just described, since it turned out that we could represent mathematically and say in every case, dependably and without fear of logical contradiction, what the result of an experiment would be. Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them . How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? The greatest constraint placed upon the pursuit of knowledge is that which is imposed by the principle of reason: nihil est sine ratione: nothing is without (a) reason. 11. Understandably, considering different perspectives might be challenging sometimes. relates some thing to some other thing. 21. We believe we have knowledge when our representations in our minds correspond to the things that we are inquiring about. https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. Hence, humanism arises at the same time as the world-picture, a philosophical interpretation of man that explains beings as a whole in terms of man and with a view to man. the doctors knowledge is that of abetting what is true of nature in regard to the health of human beings. The soul, when properly ordered, is given to us by Socrates in his prayer to Pan at the end of the dialogue Phaedrus: O dear Pan and all you gods here, grant it to me to become beautiful, to come into the correct condition in relation to what is in myself, what comes from inside, and grant that whatever I possess on the outside may be a friend to what is inner, and grant that I repute as rich the one who is wise, and grant that to me the amount of gold I possess in this world will have as much value for me and that I will claim for it only as much value as a man of understanding should claim.Socrates prayer is that his soul will become beautiful, and this means having its proper relation to the things themselves and for their correct limits; nothing in excess. I know this will likely bother anyone who is interested in order and logic, but I've decided to break the order of prompts so I can publish them as I record them. The intention of this writing is to provoke thought on your part so that you are mindful of your choices and, hopefully, gain greater knowledge of who you are so that you will be able to make more aware judgements in the future about academic and ethical questions. It is the old definition and understanding of justice: we render to others their due. For Christians, the name of God is holy, sacred, and He is not to be named because to do so would turn Him into a thing. 2. Infatuation is that love of the beauty which is in the eye of the beholder. The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: The scholars dig up what they themselves buried. A sufficient reason is the identification of a subject or theme with its predicates; it is the identification of the causes for some things being what and how it is. This reign of the object as material thing, as the genuine substructure of all things, reaches into the area that we call the spiritual; into the sphere of the meaning and significance of language, of history, of the work of art, and all of the areas of knowledge of TOK. These second-order claims are justified using the principle of sufficient reason which usually involves an examination of the nature of the knowledge that you are investigating and the nature of the tools that are used to produce or acquire such knowledge. What this definition indicates is that the production of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne, and in all of those prompts that speak of the production or producing of knowledge we can be certain that the technological viewing of the world is at play. There are many examples from the medical professions. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. Ratio and reor can mean to take something as something, such as the leafiness of the plant, the stone as stone, etc. This rendering is done through language of some kind. We cannot count on them because they are not grounded and the principle of sufficient reason supplies the grounds. are the questions that can be explored in the Exhibition. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. This is the contradiction we live within. The sign is what is referred to as a tautology. These are written about at length in other entries in this blog and reviewing them might be helpful with your Exhibition under this prompt. The connection with life and the human sciences is explicit: Starting from life itself as a whole, human scientists try to understand its lived experiences in their structural and developmental inter-connections.We must be careful and wary of the notion of experiencing. The truth of what is past or historical must be disinterred and become claimed as current knowledge. When we speak of the production of knowledge, we are tacitly recognizing technology as a way of knowing as a way of revealing the things that are hidden. as an object. Phronesisdeals with the proper sighting of the soulandphronesisis developed through experience and self-knowledge. A world-view is often arbitrary and peremptory. 14. Experience is at first passive: we come across something without going in search of it. That things are exactly measurable: this is a priori for mathematical physics, and this is what counts for mathematical physics. To manage the world as picture we need to think in terms of quantity and measurement, the calculable. The first belief is also a case of knowledge in the sense of a belief in its first principles; the second is probably knowledge within the context of our conception of time; but the third is (at present) merely belief. 26. The principle of reason operates in any and every statement that we make about things i.e. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. The counting on and relying on are the metaphysics that undergird what is the essence of technology as it is defined in these writings. The emergence of the world-picture and the knowledge and culture derived from it involves an essential decision about beings as a whole. What counts in a project is more like a decision than a discovery; it cannot be correct or incorrect: correctness, and criteria for it, only apply within the light shed by the project i.e.