): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. all exact any . He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. [citation needed]. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Her son was Chippatajayapida. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Has data issue: true This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. The relative Verse 12. } The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Verse 15. Verse 15. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. He subdued several enemies. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. The summary is from J.C. Dutt's translation. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Answer. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Kalhana was a poet. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). that the material was genuinely picky. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Nephew of Didda. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. Verse 13. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Translation of " " into Persian . Abstract. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Was this answer helpful? Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. . The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855.

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