It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom were intellectuals, doctors and business leaders whose skills were transferred to Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, South Africa and other places they fled to. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. It is now located at Soho Square. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the . He was a pastor. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. Others still argue that the terms didn't originate from derogatory roots at all, with some of the Protestant faction claiming the opposite, that the Huguenots were named out of loyalty to the line of Hugues Capet, a medieval ancestor of the King who ruled six centuries before. Gallicised into Huguenot, often used deprecatingly, the word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of enduring honour and courage. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cvennes region in the south. The cities of Bourges, Montauban and Orlans saw substantial activity in this regard. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. [citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the whole Dutch Republic in 1715. [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. The Huguenots were French Calvinists, active mostly in the sixteenth century. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France,[6] who reigned long before the Reformation. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. [13], The Huguenot cross is the distinctive emblem of the Huguenots (croix huguenote). [16] During the same period there were some 1,400 Reformed churches operating in France. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the county's Calvinist hub. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. Most of them agree that the Huguenot population reached as many as 10% of the total population, or roughly 2million people, on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. . Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. And yet another fact hard to deny is that the Huguenot French component seems to have persevered to a greater extent culturally than the German. Huguenot legacy persists both in France and abroad. Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. Isaac moved to Mannheim, on the Rhein River, in the German state of Baden and married a cousin and fellow French Huguenot emigrant, Esther SY (also spelled SEE), in 1657. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. The French protestants, on the other hand, who had fled because of . Lachenicht, Susanne. They are Franschhoek in the Cape Province of South Africa, Portarlington in the Republic of Ireland, and Bad Karlshafen in Hesse, Germany. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. I.". In France, Calvinists in the United Protestant Church of France and also some in the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine consider themselves Huguenots. In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. The Edict reaffirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. [36], Early in his reign, Francis I (r.15151547) persecuted the old, pre-Protestant movement of Waldensians in southeastern France. The 1709ers would have worshipped in this church that was by that time already nearly 600 years old. [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. Several picture galleries can be viewed online, including Huguenot trades [Hugenottisches . They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Dr Kathleen Chater has been tracing her own family history for over 30 years. Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huguenots&oldid=1142115187. Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from Parlementary measures seeking to exterminate them. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. By 1562, the estimated number of Huguenots peaked at approximately two million, concentrated mainly in the western, southern, and some central parts of France, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period. [56], Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sret ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour It was in this year that some Huguenots destroyed the tomb and remains of Saint Irenaeus (d. 202), an early Church father and bishop who was a disciple of Polycarp. After revoking the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots civil rights, in October 1685, Louis XIV forbade them to leave France on pain of imprisonment, torture and death. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. The Protestant Reformation began by Martin Luther in Germany . Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. Flemish and Huguenot surnames were common in Zeeland. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favoured professions. He died on 6 May 2001, in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the age of 70, and was buried in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. At Middletown, twenty-seven miles from Lancaster . A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. gt. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper Rhymney valley of the current Caerphilly County Borough. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg in Celle. However, in France, the name France is ranked the 2,810 th . [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . Huguenot Towns; Huguenot Street Names; Places to visit; Huguenot Traces; Archive Menu Toggle. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. Henry of Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied themselves to the Huguenots, adding wealth and territorial holdings to the Protestant strength, which at its height grew to sixty fortified cities, and posed a serious and continuous threat to the Catholic crown and Paris over the next three decades. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? Remnant communities of Camisards in the Cvennes, most Reformed members of the United Protestant Church of France, French members of the largely German Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, and the Huguenot diaspora in England and Australia, all still retain their beliefs and Huguenot designation. Research genealogy for Norma Jane "Jane" Haas of Chittenango, New York, as well as other members of the Haas family, on Ancestry. The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. not (hyoog-nt) n. A French Protestant of the 16th to 18th centuries. 3rd. The ancestral listing on our website is an "open listing" which means it is periodically updated from time to time as new information becomes available. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. By 1692, a total of 201 French Huguenots had settled at the Cape of Good Hope. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu Home Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. [citation needed], Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. [91][92] The immigrants included many skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs who facilitated the economic modernisation of their new home, in an era when economic innovations were transferred by people rather than through printed works. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. Overall, Huguenot presence was heavily concentrated in the western and southern portions of the French kingdom, as nobles there secured practise of the new faith. Page 363. [115] Although they did not settle in Scotland in such significant numbers as in other regions of Britain and Ireland, Huguenots have been romanticised, and are generally considered to have contributed greatly to Scottish culture. Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. Protestant preachers rallied a considerable army and a formidable cavalry, which came under the leadership of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. In the United States there are several Huguenot worship groups and societies. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. The Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958-1966 was born in the Netherlands. Our research is done by experienced and dedicated . Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. Family name was not found in records of the Huguenot Society several years ago, and little follow-up has been made since then, hence my interest in participating in this project. oo-geh-noh) or Protestants. Huguenot Memorial Park in Jacksonville, Florida. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast. After the 1534 Affair of the Placards,[37][38] however, he distanced himself from Huguenots and their protection. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]). 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. By 1707 400 refugee Huguenot families had settled in Scotland. Past and current members have joined the Huguenot Society of America by right of descent from the following Huguenot ancestors who qualify under the constitution of the Society. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. [59], By the 1760s Protestantism was no longer a favourite religion of the elite. Amongst them were 200 pastors. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. There were also some Calvinists in the Alsace region, which then belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Other refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "Second Hundred Years' War" by some historians, from 1689 onward. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. And lastly, many surnames common in the larger cities of South Holland were the Dutch versions of French and German surnames. The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities. 24 July, A.D. 1550. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there (which were called the "Walloon churches"). She has taught genealogy and has written books and articles on the subject, including Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors and Tracing Your Family Tree in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. "[64], In the 1920s and 1930s, members of the extreme-right Action Franaise movement expressed strong animus against Huguenots and other Protestants in general, as well as against Jews and Freemasons. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 9 Full view - 1908. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured some of the Huguenots. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French crown. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". Many of these settlers were given land in an area that was later called Franschhoek (Dutch for 'French Corner'), in the present-day Western Cape province of South Africa. By the start of the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 17591760.[119]. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. For example, E.I. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. Anglicised names such as Tyzack, Henzey and Tittery are regularly found amongst the early glassmakers, and the region went on to become one of the most important glass regions in the country.[106]. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. 1491-1532? [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. Like other religious reformers of the time, Huguenots felt that the Catholic Church needed a radical cleansing of its impurities, and that the Pope represented a worldly kingdom, which sat in mocking tyranny over the things of God, and was ultimately doomed. A Huguenot cemetery is located in the centre of Dublin, off St. Stephen's Green. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the King William III of England had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County.

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